Vetebröd håller folket lugnt – från antiken till idag

RYSSLANDS INVASION AV Ukraina har förutom ett enormt mänskligt lidande fått en rad andra konsekvenser. En sådan är att det uppstått brist på vete eftersom både Ukraina och Ryssland tillhör världens största exportörer. Detta har lett till stigande priser som slår hårt mot länder beroende av importerat vete, särskilt Egypten. Den egyptiska staten subventionerar bröd […]

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